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Activity Of Plant Extract Mediated Silver Nanoparticles Against Selective Medically Important Pathogens

by Qurat UL Ain (2010-VA-295) | Dr. Muhammad Nawaz | Dr. Imran Najeeb | Dr. Muhammad Nasir.

Material type: book Book; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Due to increased use of antibiotics different common pathogenic microbes have developed antibiotic resistance. The problem of antibiotic resistance is growing day by day. Plants are being used as a valuable source of natural products to maintain the health. So use of plant extracts is an interesting and valuable way to control this problem. Metal particles have antibacterial activity. Extract mediated synthesis of metal nanoparticles is a very impressive way to control the microbial diseases. To synthesize metallic nanoparticles using extracts is a superior method than any other method. Silver has distinctive properties as antibacterial agent. Nanoparticles can be synthesized by various methods but green synthesis is environment friendly and much more important than other methods. Melia azedarach have many active components due to which its every part has some antimicrobial characteristics. Its extract mediated AgNPs are very important in this regard. Similarly Albizia procera extracts has potential to kill pathogenic microbes. That’s why these two plants were selected to synthesize nanoparticles. Fresh leaves were collected extracts were prepared. Silver nitrate solution was prepared and then this solution was allowed to react with each extract separately. After the formation, nanoparticles were separated by centrifugation. Then their characterization was done by UV visible spectroscopy and FTIR. After characterization well diffusion assay was performed to check antimicrobial activity of these nanoparticles against selected medically important pathogens. It was found that the antimicrobial activity of extract mediated nanoparticles was better than the antimicrobial activity of plant extract alone. Summary 51 In the present work it is explored that nanoparticles formed from extract of Albizia procera has a greater antimicrobial activity against important medical pathogens. In short it was proven that nanoparticles can control the pathogens in a better way as compared to the extract alone. And this result that nanoparticles mediated particles extract of Albizia procera has suggested many other new facts. Albizia procera’s properties are needed to be explored more. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2507-T] (1).

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Antimicrobial Activity Of Selected Plant Extracts Against Streptococcus Mutans Isolated From Dental Caries

by Iqra Shaukat (2010-VA-287) | Dr. Imran Najeeb | Dr. Muhammad Nawaz.

Material type: book Book; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Streptococcus mutans is gram positive bacteria and present in cocci and chain form. It is facultative anaerobes, non-motile, catalase negative and non-spore forming, lactic acid bacteria and normally found in oral cavity (Rao and Austin 2014). S.mutans involve in endocarditis, dental caries, have ability to adhere to the cardiac tissue and cause chronic infective endocarditis. Caries is caused of tooth decay and tooth loss in adult and school aged children. Many microorganisms can cause dental caries namely S. mutans, S.sanguis, s.mitis, S.salivarius and S. sobrinus but S.mutans have major role in developing of dental caries. Dental caries is major problem around the globe in these days. Generally it treated with antibiotics. But now a day’s due to increase in antibiotic resistance, recently plant extracts and plants parts are being in use as treatment and oral hygiene. It is therefore, present research was designed to analyze the plant extract which having antimicrobial activity against oral bacteria and have been used traditionally for cleaning the teeth. Azadirachta indica (Neem), Acacia nilotica (Kikar), Pongamia pinnata (Sukhchein) and Salvadora persica (Peelu) were used to check the activity against S. mutans. Aqueous and methanolic extracts of bark were prepared of selected plants. Extract potential against S. mutans was checked through well diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay. Dental caries samples were collected from different hospitals from Lahore. Twenty five samples were processed to isolate S.mutans. Out of twenty five samples twenty isolates of S.mutans were isolated which showed resistance against bacitracin, confirmed by disk method.. Biochemical tests such as hemolysis test and sugar fermentation tests were also done for the confirmation of S. mutans. Furthermore, antibiotic sensitive test was performed to check the sensitive pattern of S. mutans All S. mutans were resistant to oxacillin, cefmetazole and cephaloridine, and sensitive to streptomycin Summary 50 and gentamycin. S. mutans showed high level of resistance to ceftriaxone (90%), cefixim (90%), chloramphenicol (65%) and vancomycin (60%), and intermediate level of resistance to sulfamethoxazole/Trimethoprim (40%) and ciprofloxacin (30%), and low level of resistance to amoxicillin (25%), delfopristin (25%) ampicillin (20%), fusidic acid (20%) and linezolid (5%). MIC value for aqueous extract for Salvadora persica, Azadirachta indica, Acacia nilotica, Pongamia pinnata are 24-48, 3-48,0,180-12 and >48 mg/ml respectively, and MIC value for methanolic extract are 0.09-12, 3->48, 0.376-6 and 1.5-24 mg/ml respectively. This in vitro study gives us natural antimicrobial plants which can help us to control dental caries and endodontic infections. The effects of these extracts might be beneficial if incorporated in tooth paste, mouth rinses and dental products to reduce plaque and dental caries. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2508-T] (1).

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